Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States

On Reparations for Slavery, Jim Crow, and Their Legacies

Auteur: Martin, Michael T.; Yaquinto, Marilyn; Lyons, David; Brown, Michael K.
Éditeur: Duke University Press
ISBN: 9780822340058
eISBN Pdf: 9780822389811
Lieu de publication: Durham , United States
Année de publication électronique: 2007
Mois : Juillet
Pages: 724
DDC: 362.84/96073
Langue: Anglais

Légende

An exceptional resource, this comprehensive reader brings together primary and secondary documents related to efforts to redress historical wrongs against African Americans. These varied efforts are often grouped together under the rubric “reparations movement,” and they are united in their goal of “repairing” the injustices that have followed from the long history of slavery and Jim Crow. Yet, as this collection reveals, there is a broad range of opinions as to the form that repair might take. Some advocates of redress call for apologies; others for official acknowledgment of wrongdoing; and still others for more tangible reparations: monetary compensation, government investment in disenfranchised communities, the restitution of lost property and rights, and repatriation.

Written by activists and scholars of law, political science, African American studies, philosophy, economics, and history, the twenty-six essays include both previously published articles and pieces written specifically for this volume. Essays theorize the historical and legal bases of claims for redress; examine the history, strengths, and limitations of the reparations movement; and explore its relation to human rights and social justice movements in the United States and abroad. Other essays evaluate the movement’s primary strategies: legislation, litigation, and mobilization. While all of the contributors support the campaign for redress in one way or another, some of them engage with arguments against reparations.

Among the fifty-three primary documents included in the volume are federal, state, and municipal acts and resolutions; declarations and statements from organizations including the Black Panther Party and the NAACP; legal briefs and opinions; and findings and directives related to the provision of redress, from the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 to the mandate for the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States is a thorough assessment of the past, present, and future of the modern reparations movement.

Contributors. Richard F. America, Sam Anderson, Martha Biondi, Boris L. Bittker, James Bolner, Roy L. Brooks, Michael K. Brown, Robert S. Browne, Martin Carnoy, Chiquita Collins, J. Angelo Corlett, Elliott Currie, William A. Darity, Jr., Adrienne Davis, Michael C. Dawson, Troy Duster, Dania Frank, Robert Fullinwider, Charles P. Henry, Gerald C. Horne, Robert Johnson, Jr., Robin D. G. Kelley, Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie, Theodore Kornweibel, Jr., David Lyons, Michael T. Martin, Douglas S. Massey , Muntu Matsimela , C. J. Munford, Yusuf Nuruddin, Charles J. Ogletree Jr., Melvin L. Oliver, David B. Oppenheimer, Rovana Popoff, Thomas M. Shapiro, Marjorie M. Shultz, Alan Singer, David Wellman, David R. Williams, Eric K. Yamamoto, Marilyn Yaquinto

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
On Redress for Racial Injustice
Part 1. Racial Inequality and White Privilege
- Racial Injustices in U.S. History and Their Legacy
- Race Preferences and Race Privileges
- A Sociology of Wealth and Racial Inequality
Part 2. Law, Citizenship, and the State
- The Case for Reparations
- Toward a Theory of Racial Reparations
- The Constitutionality of Black Reparations
- The Theory of Restitution: The African American Case
- Reparations to African Americans?
Part 3. Reparations: Formation and Modes of Redress
- ‘‘A Day of Reckoning’’: Dreams of Reparations
- Forty Acres, or, An Act of Bad Faith
- The Economic Basis for Reparations to Black America
- The Political Economy of Ending Racism and the World Conference against Racism: The Economics of Reparations
- The Rise of the Reparations Movement
Part 4. Case Studies of Injustice and Intervention
- Nineteenth-Century New York City’s Complicity with Slavery:Documenting the Case for Reparations
- Railroads, Race, and Reparations
- Reparations: A Viable Strategy to Address the Enigma of African American Health
- Residential Segregation and Persistent Urban Poverty
Part 5. Mobilizing Strategies
- The Politics of Racial Reparations
- The Case for U.S. Reparations to African Americans
- The Promises and Pitfalls of Reparations
- Repatriation as Reparations for Slavery and Jim Crow
- What’s Next? Japanese American Redress and African American Reparations
- The Reparations Movement: An Assessment of Recent and Current Activism
- Reparations: Strategic Considerations for Black Americans
- Tulsa Reparations: The Survivors’ Story
- Race for Power: The Global Balance of Power and Reparations
Documents
- Section 1. Federal Acts and Resolutions
  - The Second Confiscation Act (1862)
  - Special Field Orders, No. 15 (1865)
  - Freedmen’s Bureau Act (1865)
  - Southern Homestead Act (1866)
  - House Resolution 29 (1867)
  - Civil Liberties Act (1988)
  - House Resolution 356 (2000)
  - House Resolution 40 (2005)
  - Senate Resolution 39 (2005)
  - Senate Resolution 44 (2005)
- Section 2. State Legislation
  - Michigan House Bill No. 5562 (2000)
  - California Senate Bill No. 2199 (2000)
  - California Senate Joint Resolution No. 1 (2001)
  - New Jersey African-American Reconciliation Study Commission Act (2003)
  - Texas House Joint Resolution 25 (2003)
  - Maryland House Joint Resolution 4 (2004)
- Section 3. Municipal Resolutions
  - City of Detroit (1989)
  - City of Chicago (2000)
  - City of San Francisco (2001)
  - City of New York Resolution 41 (2002)
  - City of New York Resolution 219 (2002)
  - District of Columbia (2003)
  - City of New York Resolution 57 (2004)
  - City of New York Resolution 195 (2004)
  - City of Philadelphia (2004)
- Section 4. Advocacy and Activism
  - United Negro Improvement Association (1920)
  - Civil Rights Congress (1951)
  - Malcolm X (1964)
  - Black Panther Party for Self Defense (1967)
  - Republic of New Africa (1968)
  - Black Panther Party (1969)
  - National Black Economic Development Conference (1969)
  - National Black Political Agenda (1972)
  - Black Panther Party (1973)
  - Nation of Islam (1990)
  - Black Radical Congress (1999)
  - Reparations Support Committee (1999/2000)
  - Randall Robinson, Trans Africa Forum (2000)
  - National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (2000)
  - The ndaba Movement (2004)
  - naacp (2005)
  - American Bar Association Recommendation (2006)
  - Episcopal Church (2006)
- Section 5. Case Studies of Redress
  - The White House (1997)
  - Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 (2000)
  - Mandate for the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission(2004)
  - Rosewood Victims v. State of Florida (2004)
  - Florida Statute 1004.60 (2004)
  - Florida Statute 1009.55 (2004)
- Section 6. Lawsuits
  - Timothy Pigford, et al., Plaintiffs, v. Dan Glickman, Secretary,United States Department of Agriculture, Defendant (1998)
  - Civil Actions Nos. 97–1978, 98–1693 (1999)
  - In re African-American Slave Descendants Litigation (2004)
Selected Bibliography
Contributors
Acknowledgment of Copyrights
Index